SALT LAKE CITY- Researchers with Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah and collaborators from 17 other institutions have found that multiple myeloma patients with a genetic variation in the gene FOPNL die on average 1-3 years sooner than patients without it. The finding was identified with a genetic mapping technique, genome wide association studies (GWAS), and verified in patient populations from North America and Europe. This was the first study to survey the entire human genome for genetic variation influencing survival, and included a total of 1,635 patients.
Published in , the results are a step toward applying precision medicine to multiple myeloma, a cancer that affects bone marrow plasma cells that help coordinate the body's immune response. Although relatively rare, the disease is aggressive and incurable, with 43 percent of patients dying within five years of diagnosis. Future studies will focus on finding therapies that improve prospects for this newly identified subset, which makes up an estimated 10-14 percent of multiple myeloma patients.
"This is the largest study of inherited genetics and myeloma survival to date. We were able to identify the FOPNL variant because it has quite a large effect on survival. With even larger collaborative studies, we hope to add to this," says ., Huntsman Cancer Institute investigator, professor of medicine and human genetics at the University of Utah School of Medicine, and Chair of the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium. "The ability to stratify patients based on their genetic make-up opens the door to personalizing their treatment and care."
Camp led the study together with Elad Ziv, M.D., at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Celine Vachon, Ph.D., at the Mayo College of Medicine Rochester and Federico Canzian, Ph.D., from the German Cancer Research Center. The collaboration includes contributions from 38 scientists at 18 institutions and reports on patient data from clinics across Utah, UCSF, the Mayo Clinic, and several European centers in Italy, Poland, Spain, France, Portugal and Germany.
Although the researchers don't yet understand why the genetic variation in FOPNL is associated with poor prognosis, there are clues that it could be involved in disease progression through centrosome amplification. Analysis of separate multiple myeloma patient datasets show that those with the worst outcomes have abnormal amounts of FOPNL, and carry another sign of poor prognosis, a high centrosome index. The implication is that disruptions in FOPNL could affect fundamental mechanisms controlling the distribution of genetic material to newly made cells.
"The results point us to a previously unrecognized gene as a determinant of myeloma prognosis. If we understand what about this gene is causing poor prognosis, that may lead to a better fundamental grasp of the pathways that are important of multiple myeloma progression," says first author Elad Ziv, M.D, a professor of medicine at UCSF. "Such knowledge could ultimately lead to better therapies."
The Utah research was supported by the Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI), the HCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA042014, Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute SEER, Utah State Department of Health, and University of Utah. Other research within the study was supported by Steve and Nancy Grand Multiple Myeloma Translational Initiative, Expression Analysis, the National Cancer Institute, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, and The Research Fund at Region Sjælland, Denmark.
"Genome-wide association study identifies variants at 16p13 associated with survival in multiple myeloma patients" was published in Nature Communications on July 22, 2015.
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About Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah
Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) is one of the world's top academic research and cancer treatment centers. HCI manages the — the largest genetic database in the world, with more than 16 million records linked to genealogies, health records, and vital statistics. Using this data, HCI researchers have identified cancer-causing genes, including the genes responsible for melanoma, colon and breast cancer, and paraganglioma. HCI is a member of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (a 26-member alliance of the world's leading cancer centers) and is a . HCI treats patients with all forms of cancer and operates several high-risk clinics that focus on melanoma and breast, colon, and pancreas cancers. The HCI Cancer Learning Center for patient and public education contains one of the nation's largest collections of cancer-related publications. The institute is named after Jon M. Huntsman, Sr., a Utah philanthropist, industrialist, and cancer survivor.