What Is Kyphosis?
Kyphosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. The upper part of the spine normally has a C-shaped curve. Kyphosis causes rounding of the upper back, or a hunchback.
Kyphosis typically affects the thoracic (upper) part of the spine but may also affect the cervical and lumbar spine.
Types of Kyphosis
- Congenital Kyphosis: Congenital kyphosis occurs when your child’s spine does not develop properly in the uterus. The condition is present from birth but is not always obvious. The condition becomes more visible as your child grows.
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Postural Kyphosis: Postural kyphosis develops from improper posture. It is common but usually not severe. Following correct sitting, standing, and walking posture can fix postural kyphosis. Physical therapy or wearing a back or spine brace can also help correct the condition.
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Juvenile Kyphosis (Also Called Scheuermann’s Kyphosis): Juvenile kyphosis is an advanced form of postural kyphosis. It occurs when the vertebrae in the spine grow in a triangular rather than rectangular shape. The wedge-like shape bends the spine forward at a sharp angle. A child with this condition may find it difficult to stand up straight.
Kyphosis Causes
A genetic defect or hereditary factors can cause kyphosis. Other medical conditions can also cause kyphosis:
- Neuromuscular anomalies such as spina bifida or cerebral palsy
- Trauma resulting in a spinal fracture
- Spinal tumors, either cancerous or benign
- Bone infections such as osteomyelitis in the spine
Kyphosis Symptoms
Children with kyphosis often have a hunched back. Your child may show other signs or symptoms:
- Head tends to bend forward
- Differences in the height or position of the shoulder or shoulder blade
- Rounding of the shoulders
Children with severe kyphosis may exhibit more noticeable symptoms:
- Back pain and stiffness
- Difficulty breathing
- Tightness in the hamstring muscles present at the back of the thigh
- Weakness and fatigue
Diagnosing Kyphosis
If you suspect your child has kyphosis, consult a spine specialist or a pediatric surgeon. Your provider will review your child’s history and symptoms. They will also perform a physical exam.
Your provider will assess your child’s range of motion in their neck, shoulder, and lower back. They may also test your child’s muscle strength and sensation. Your provider does this to rule out other abnormalities. Your provider may suggest getting an X-ray, CT scan, MRI, or ultrasound.
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Kyphosis Treatment
Kyphosis treatment aims to normalize the spine and promote natural growth and development. Your provider will decide which treatment option is best based on your child’s age and the severity of their condition.
Non-Surgical Treatment
The first line of treatment for kyphosis in children is usually symptom management:
- A spinal brace to correct spine curvature
- Braces to provide stability and walking help
- Exercises and physical therapy to gain mobility and muscle strength
Surgical Management
Your provider may recommend surgery if your child has severe kyphosis. Your provider may also suggest surgery if your child does not respond well to therapy.
Surgeons perform the procedure under general anesthesia through small incisions in the back. The surgery aims to straighten the spine. There are two commonly performed surgical procedures:
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Spine Fusion Spinal fusion joins the vertebrae together to form a solid bone. Surgeons use metal screws, rods, or plates to hold the vertebrae in place during the fusion.
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Spine Osteotomy Surgeons perform a spine osteotomy to cut out a part of the vertebral column. This allows them to correct the misalignment of the spine.
